GK/GS Explorer

• World Hepatitis Day is observed annually on July 28th. • The day aims to raise awareness about viral hepatitis and its impact on global health. It provides an opportunity to promote measures for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatitis. • The theme for World Hepatitis Day varies each year, focusing on different aspects of the disease. • The World Health Organization (WHO) and other global health organizations coordinate campaigns and initiatives on this day. • Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by five main hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. • Hepatitis A and E are primarily transmitted through contaminated food or water, while B, C, and D are transmitted through blood and body fluids. • Viral hepatitis affects millions of people worldwide and is a major cause of liver disease and liver cancer. • Hepatitis B and C are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. • Many people with hepatitis are unaware of their infection due to the lack

• Kargil Vijay Diwas is observed on July 26th every year to honor the sacrifices and bravery of Indian soldiers during the Kargil conflict. • The Kargil War was fought between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir. • The war was triggered by the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and militants into the Indian-controlled territory, violating the Line of Control (LOC). The conflict caught India by surprise as it was initially mistaken for local infiltration, but it later turned out to be a well-planned military operation by Pakistan. • The Indian armed forces launched "Operation Vijay" to push back the intruders and reclaim the strategic peaks and areas along the LOC. • The Kargil War saw intense battles at high altitudes in the Himalayan region, making it one of the most challenging and demanding military operations. • The Indian Army, along with the Indian Air Force, fought valiantly and with determination to evict the Pakistani intruders. • The Kargil

• National Broadcasting Day is celebrated to mark the beginning of radio broadcasting in India, which started on July 23, 1927. On this day, the Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) took the first step in radio broadcasting from Bombay (now Mumbai). • The inaugural broadcast featured a speech by Dr. M. A. Ansari, who was the then-Caliph's representative in India. The historic event was followed by an Urdu song and the playing of the national anthem. • The radio broadcast in India marked a significant milestone in the field of mass communication, reaching out to a diverse audience across the nation. • The popularity of radio rapidly grew, and it became an essential medium for disseminating news, information, and entertainment to the masses. • National Broadcasting Day is an occasion to recognize the impact of radio as a powerful medium of communication that has connected people from various regions and cultures. • All India Radio (AIR), formerly known as Akashvani, played a crucial ro

• Nelson Mandela International Day is celebrated annually on July 18th. • The day was established by the United Nations in 2009 to honor Nelson Mandela's legacy and promote his values. • Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader. • Mandela served as the President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, becoming the country's first black head of state. • Mandela dedicated his life to fighting against racial segregation and promoting equality and human rights. • Mandela spent 27 years in prison for his activism and became a symbol of the global anti-apartheid movement. • Mandela's imprisonment became a catalyst for international pressure and solidarity against apartheid. • Mandela played a pivotal role in negotiating the peaceful transition from apartheid to a democratic society in South Africa. • He advocated for forgiveness, reconciliation, and unity among all South Africans. • Mandela's leadership and vision have made a significant

• World Day for International Justice is observed on July 17th each year to promote global awareness of the importance of international justice. • World Day for International Justice was established in 2010 by the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court (ICC). • The day commemorates the adoption of the Rome Statute, the treaty that established the ICC, on July 17, 1998. • The ICC is the first permanent international criminal court established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. • The ICC serves as a crucial institution in ensuring accountability and justice for victims of the most serious international crimes. • The day seeks to promote the goals and objectives of the ICC and raise awareness about the importance of international justice. It aims to foster dialogue, understanding, and support for the ICC's work among governments, civil society organizations, and the general public. • World Da

• World Emoji Day is celebrated on July 17th every year. • It was first established in 2014 by Jeremy Burge, the founder of Emojipedia. • The purpose of World Emoji Day is to celebrate emojis and their impact on digital communication. • Emojis are pictorial representations of various objects, emotions, and symbols that are used in electronic messages. • Emojis originated in Japan in the late 1990s and gained popularity worldwide with the advent of smartphones. • Emojis provide a fun and creative way to express emotions, ideas, and concepts in digital conversations. • World Emoji Day encourages people to embrace the use of emojis and their role in modern communication. • The date, July 17th, was chosen as it is the date displayed on the "Calendar" emoji. • Emojis have become an integral part of social media platforms, messaging apps, and online communication. • The Unicode Consortium is responsible for standardizing and approving new emojis for global use. • On World Emoji Day

Ancient Indian history is a vast and rich subject that spans several millennia. There are various sources of information that provide insights into ancient Indian history. The sources of responsible for the information about ancient history can be broadly categorized as archaeological and literay sources Archaeological Sources Archaeological sources play a significant role in understanding ancient Indian history. These sources provide tangible evidence in the form of artifacts, structures, and other material remains. The one who studies archaeological resources is known as archaeologist . These sources includ: Indus Valley Civilization The excavation of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, along with other sites of the Indus Valley Civilization (2600-1900 BCE), has yielded valuable insights into the urban planning, architecture, trade, crafts, and lifestyle of this ancient civilization. The discovery of seals, pottery, sculptures, and well-structured cities showcases the advanced nature of this c

• World Snake Day is observed annually on July 16th. • The day is dedicated to raising awareness about snakes and their conservation. • It aims to promote understanding and dispel myths and fears surrounding snakes. • Snakes are a vital part of ecosystems and play important roles in maintaining balance. • There are over 3,500 species of snakes found worldwide, with diverse characteristics and adaptations. • Snakes can be found in various habitats, including forests, grasslands, deserts, and aquatic environments. • They are ectothermic, meaning their body temperature depends on the temperature of their surroundings. • Snakes use a variety of hunting techniques, including venomous bites, constriction, and ambush predation. • Some snake species are venomous and possess potent toxins used for defense and prey capture. • Snakes play crucial roles in controlling rodent populations, which helps to prevent agricultural damage and disease transmission. • Illegal wildlife trade poses a significa

World Youth Skills Day is an annual observance held on July 15th. It was designated by the United Nations to raise awareness about the importance of acquiring skills and empowering young people with the necessary tools for employment, entrepreneurship, and personal development. Some points about World Youth Skills Day: • World Youth Skills Day is observed on July 15th each year. • The day was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2014. • It aims to raise awareness about the importance of skills development for youth. • The event highlights the need for quality education and training for young people. • World Youth Skills Day promotes youth employment and entrepreneurship. • It emphasizes the role of skills in fostering sustainable development and economic growth. • The day recognizes the challenges young people face in transitioning from education to the workforce. • It encourages governments, organizations, and individuals to invest in youth skills development. • World

• Malala Day is an observance that commemorates the birthday of Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate. • Malala was born on July 12, 1997, in Mingora, Pakistan. • She gained international recognition for her advocacy of girls' education in the Swat Valley region of Pakistan, where the Taliban had banned girls from attending school. • Malala's advocacy began at a young age when she started speaking out against the Taliban's restrictions on education. She wrote a blog under a pseudonym for the BBC Urdu service, sharing her experiences and the challenges girls faced in accessing education.  • Her activism brought attention to the importance of education and the rights of children, particularly girls, to receive an education. • Tragically, in October 2012, Malala was targeted by the Taliban, who shot her in the head while she was on a bus returning from school. • The assassination attempt sparked global outrage and dre

☛ World Population Day is observed on July 11th each year. ☛ It was established by the United Nations in 1989 to focus attention on global population issues. ☛ The day aims to raise awareness about the challenges and opportunities posed by population dynamics. ☛ Each year, World Population Day has a specific theme related to population trends and their impact. ☛ The observance emphasizes the importance of reproductive health and rights for all individuals. ☛ It promotes access to family planning services, information, and education. ☛ World Population Day highlights the role of gender equality and women's empowerment in achieving sustainable population growth. ☛ The day emphasizes the need for universal access to sexual and reproductive health care. ☛ It calls for efforts to ensure comprehensive sexuality education for young people. ☛ World Population Day recognizes the interconnectedness between population, development, and environmental sustainability. ☛ The observance highlights